Density Conversion Table and Definitions from READE

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density table density table

Reade Advanced Materials Presents:

Density Conversion Table

	lb/cu in	lb/cu ft	lb/gal	g/cu	g/liter
1 lb/cu in	1	1728	231	27.68	27680
1 lb/cu ft	---	1	0.1337	0.016	16.019
1 lb/gal	4.33 (10^-3)	7.481	1	0.1198	119.83
1 gm/cu cm	0.03613	62.43	8.345	1	10³
1 gm/liter	---	0.06243	8.345 (10^-3)	10^-3	1

Courtesy Of: The American Vacuum Society

Density Conversions:

1Mg/cm³=1g/cm³1g/cm³=0.0361 lb/in³(pound per cubic inch)

Courtesy Of: R. M. German, Powder Metallurgy Science, Second Edition

General Definitions:

Density: One of the most common density measurements involves the determination of the geometric space occupied within the envelope of a solid material... including any interior voids, cracks or pores. This is called geometric, envelope or bulk density and only equals true density when there are no internal openings in the material being measured.
Absolute Density: 1) The ratio of the mass of a volume of solid material to the same volume of water. 2) The mass per unit volume of a solid material expressed in grams per cubic centimeter.
Apparent Density: The weight of a unit volume of powder, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter, determined by a specific method
Bulk Density: Powder in a container or bin expressed in mass unit per volume
Density Ratio: The ratio of the determined density of a compact to the absolute density of metal of the same composition, usually expressed as a percentage. Also referred to as a percent theoretical density
Dry Density: The mass per unit volume of an unimpregnated sintered part
Green Density: The density of a green compact
Packed Density: Please see preferred term of tap density
Tap Density: The density of a powder when the volume receptacle is tapped or vibrated under specified conditions while being loaded. Each particle of a solid material has the same true density after grinding, milling or processing, but more geometric space is occupied by
the material. In other words, the geometric density is less... approaching 50% less than true density if the particles are spherical.
Handling or vibration of powdered material causes the smaller particles
to work their way into the spaces between the larger particles. The
geometric space occupied by the powder decreases and its density
increases. Ultimately no further natural particle packing can be measured without the addition of pressure. Maximum particle packing is achieved. Under controlled conditions of tap rate, tap force (fall) and cylinder diameter, the condition of maximum packing efficiency is highly
reproducible. This tap density measurement is formalized in the British
Pharmacopoeia method for Apparent Volume, ISO 787/11 and ASTM standard test methods B527, D1464 and D4781 for tap density.
True Density: The true density of powders often differs from that of the bulk material because the process of comminution, or grinding will change the crystal structure near the surface of each particle and therefore the density of each particle in a powder. In addition, voids at the surface of a particle, into which liquids will not penetrate, can generate apparent volume which will cause serious errors when density is measured by liquid displacement. The pycnometers from Quantachrome are specifically designed to measure the true volume of solid materials by employing Archimedes' principle of fluid (gas) displacement and the technique of gas expansion. True densities are measured using helium gas since it will penetrate every surface flaw down to about one Angstrom, thereby enabling the measurement of powder volumes with great accuracy. The measurement of density by helium displacement often can reveal the presence of impurities and occluded pores which cannot be determined by any other method.
Wet Density: The mass per unit of volume of a sintered part impregnated with oil or other nonmetallic material

Courtesy Of: Quantachrome Corporation

density density density density density density apparent apparent apparent apparent apparent apparent bulk bulk bulk bulk bulk bulk bulk bulk tap tap tap tap tap

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This page was last updated on: 11 January 2006

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mullite neodymium powder nickel powder nickel oxide palladium powder phosphorus platinum powder potassium rhenium rhodium rubidium ruthenium powder samarium scandium selenium powder silicon powder silicon carbide silicon dioxide silica silicon nitride silver powder silver oxide sodium strontium sulfur tantalum powder tellurium, terbium, thallium, tin powder tin oxide titanium powder titanium carbide titanium diboride titanium dioxide titania titanium nitride titanium oxide tungsten powder tungsten oxide vanadium powder, vanadium oxide, yttrium powder, yttrium oxide, yttria zinc powder zinc dust zinc oxide zirconium powder zirconium oxide zirconia / / mineral key words: anatase baddeleyite barite basalt bauxite bentonite boehmite boric acid boric oxide borax celestite chromite clay colemanite cordierite corundum cristobalite cryolite cuprite diamond diatomaceous earth diatomite diopside dolomite emery enstatite feldspar flint fluorite fluorspar fullers earth galena garnet goethite granite graphite gypsum hematite ilmenite kaolin kyanite lime limestone magnesite magnetite manganite mica micaceous iron oxide mio molybdenite monazite montmorillonite muscovite nickel-iron olivine sand flour perlite petalite pumice pyrite iron pyrite quartz quartzite rock wool rutile sand scheelite sillmanite smectite soapstone spinel spodumene stibnite sulfide sulfate sulfur talc trap rock triploi vermiculite wheat chaff wheat starch wollastonite zeolite zircon sand fluor zirconium silicate / / general key words: aas abrasive acid activated additive aerosol agglomerates air alloy alpha aluminide american amorphous ampoule angstrom argon atomization bar basis bead beta black blending blocks black brazing briquette brown bubble buckyball buckytube calcined can card ceramic chip chop circular clad classification coating cold colloidal commerce commercial composite compound conductive credit crushed cryogenic crystal crystalline cubes custom cylinder dendritic dense density deposition diameter dielectric dimensional disc discontinuous discover disposable distilled doped drop drum dry dust e-commerce electronic electrolytic elemental enriched evaporation express felt fiber filings fine filler flake foam foil food grade frit fullerene fused gamma gas gauze glass grade grain granule granular grignard grinding grit ground heat hexane helium homogenizing hot inch in inert ingot inorganic intermetallic irregular jar j-i-t just leaf liquid lump kanban magnetic massive master media memory mesh metal metallic melted metallic micro micron microcrystalline milling millimeter mineral mm molecule mro nanocrystal nanomaterial nanometer nanophase nanostructure nanotube nanowire natural needle nitrogen nrc oil optical organic packaging particle paste pellets pharmaceutical grade phase pieces planar plasma spray plastic plate platelet polishing polycrystalline polymer porous powder ppm precipitated precious precursor premium pressed pressure printing processing procurement pulverize puratronic pvd pzt quasicrystal radioactive random rapid rare earth reacted reaction reagent rectangular red redistilled reduction refined reinforcement remelted ring rod round screening secure service set shape sheet shot sieve sifting single sink size slug soft solder solid solidification soot sphere spherical spheroidal splinter sponge sputtering sintered sol gel stabilized standard sub sublimed superabrasive super superalloy superconductor synthesis synthetic tablets tabular target tear technical test dust thermal spray thick three thin time toll tpn tube turnings tzm ultrathin un under uncalcined undistilled vacuum visa water wire whisker wool yarn yellow / / compound key words: acrylic aluminate arsenide babbitt boride bromide carbide carbonate cermet chloride clad codep cubane cupric cuprous deoxidizer ferric ferrous fluoride fused hydride hydroxide iodide imide manganin mes metallizing nitrate nitride organometallic oxide oxychloride phosphate phosphide salt selenide silicide sulfide sulfate 3d 3-d telluride titanate tungstate vanadate zirconate // elements key words: actinium alumina americium aluminum nitride aluminum oxide aluminum powder antimony powder barium beryllium bismuth powder boron nitride boron carbide calcium chromium powder copper powder germanium glass powder gold powder hafnium powder indium powder iron powder carbonyl iron powder iron oxide lanthanum lithium magnesium powder magnesium oxide manganese powder manganese di oxide molybdenum powder mullite neodymium powder nickel powder nickel oxide palladium powder phosphorus platinum powder potassium rhenium rhodium rubidium ruthenium powder samarium scandium selenium powder silicon powder silicon carbide silicon dioxide silica silicon nitride silver powder silver oxide sodium strontium sulfur tantalum powder tellurium, terbium, thallium, tin powder tin oxide titanium powder titanium carbide titanium diboride titanium dioxide titania titanium nitride titanium oxide tungsten powder tungsten oxide vanadium powder, vanadium oxide, yttrium powder, yttrium oxide, yttria zinc powder zinc dust zinc oxide zirconium powder zirconium oxide zirconia / / mineral key words: anatase baddeleyite barite basalt bauxite bentonite boehmite boric acid boric oxide borax celestite chromite clay colemanite cordierite corundum cristobalite cryolite cuprite diamond diatomaceous earth diatomite diopside dolomite emery enstatite feldspar flint fluorite fluorspar fullers earth galena garnet goethite granite graphite gypsum hematite ilmenite kaolin kyanite lime limestone magnesite magnetite manganite mica micaceous iron oxide mio molybdenite monazite montmorillonite muscovite nickel-iron olivine sand flour perlite petalite pumice pyrite iron pyrite quartz quartzite rock wool rutile sand scheelite sillmanite smectite soapstone spinel spodumene stibnite sulfide sulfate sulfur talc trap rock triploi vermiculite wheat chaff wheat starch wollastonite zeolite zircon sand fluor zirconium silicate /

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